XDLXDL
The heart x = 16 sin³t, y = 13 cos t − 5 cos 2t − 2 cos 3t − cos 4t, as z = x + iy, is a sum of circles ∑ cₖeⁱᵏᵗ, each of radius |cₖ| turning k times per loop on the rim of the last. Since 16 sin³t = 12 sin t − 4 sin 3t, only k = ±1 to ±4 survive: eight circles, radii · XDL